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Factors beyond the genomic DNA sequence, including the methylation of adenines and cytosines, influence cellular functions and health. These epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression in a cell type-specific manner. Cytosine methylation is found in common genomic sequences called CpG sites, and methylation has been linked to several kinds of cancers and genetic disorders. Being able to accurately detect methylation patterns is not only important for understanding many biological processes in health and disease, but also for diagnosing cancer.