Plants use cell to cell signaling to coordinate their development with their environment, and the activities of plant meristems that iteratively produce new organs must be tightly controlled to ensure fitness and reproductive success. Initial cells (or stem cells) coordinate with surrounding cells in meristems to make cell fate and cell division decisions that pattern plant tissues. Small peptides in the CLAVATA3 ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) family initiate cell-cell communication pathways that control meristem activity and therefore plant development in all plant species studied to date, and in both root and shoot apical meristems. However, until recently there was little mechanistic understanding of the events that take place after a CLEp ligand binds its receptor. Here we demonstrate a novel role for CLEp signaling in promoting cell division in root ground tissue; the control of cell division by CLEps appears to be a conserved feature of CLEp signaling in multiple tissues. Additionally, we describe novel signal transduction components of CLEp signaling and connect them to other components of CLEp signaling, providing mechanisms for CLEp signaling processes. The PBS1-LIKE34/35/36 (PBL34/35/36) receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases operate downstream of the CLEp receptors to promote signaling by inhibiting the POLTERGEIST phosphatase that negatively regulates CLEp receptors. We also show that PBLs likely phosphorylate PLANT U-BOX4 (PUB4) to promote CLEp signaling, which may require EXTRA LARGE G1/2/3 (XLG1/2/3) proteins to scaffold this interaction. XLG1/2/3 and ARABIDOPSIS G PROTEIN BETA1 (AGB1) are both required for CLEp perception, therefore heterotrimeric g proteins may operate in CLEp signaling with PBL34/35/36 and PUB4. The cytoplasmic requirements for CLEp signaling remain a long outstanding question and these findings make important steps in the understanding of aspects of plant development crucial to crop improvement.