Publications
Nature communicationsApr 2025 |
16
(
1
),
3224
DOI:
10.1038/s41467-025-58202-w

Cryo-EM analyses unveil details of mechanism and targocil-II mediated inhibition of S. aureus WTA transporter TarGH

Li, Franco K K; Peters, Shaun C; Worrall, Liam J; Sun, Tianjun; Hu, Jinhong; Vuckovic, Marija; Farha, Maya; Palacios, Armando; Caveney, Nathanael A; Brown, Eric D; Strynadka, Natalie C J
Product Used
Genes
Abstract
Wall teichoic acid (WTA) is a polyol phosphate polymer that covalently decorates peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. Central to WTA biosynthesis is flipping of lipid-linked precursors across the cell membrane by TarGH, a type V ABC transporter. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of S. aureus TarGH in the presence of targocil-II, a promising small-molecule lead with β-lactam antibiotic synergistic action. Targocil-II binds to the extracellular dimerisation interface of TarG, we suggest mimicking flipped but not yet released substrate. In absence of targocil-II and in complex with ATP analogue ATPγS, determined at 2.3 Å resolution, the ATPase active site is allosterically inhibited. This is due to a so far undescribed D-loop conformation, potentially minimizing spurious ATP hydrolysis in the absence of substrate. Targocil-II binding comparatively causes local and remote conformational changes through to the TarH active site, with the D-loop now optimal for ATP hydrolysis. These structures suggest an ability to modulate ATP hydrolysis in a WTA substrate dependent manner and a jammed ATPase cycle as the basis of the observed inhibition by targocil-II. The molecular insights provide an unprecedented basis for development of TarGH targeted therapeutics for treatment of multidrug-resistant S. aureus and other gram-positive bacterial infections.
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Genes

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