DNA synthesis and assembly are essential in synthetic biology, contributing significantly to genome engineering, therapeutic development, and sustainable biotechnology. However, the synthesis of high-fidelity long DNA sequences faces challenges due to high costs and limited scalability. Recent advancements in template-independent enzymatic synthesis, microarray-based methods, molecular assembly, and rolling circle amplification have greatly enhanced DNA “writing” capabilities. This study reviews these technological developments and their commercialization, analyzing case studies from leading companies to evaluate their efficiency, cost, and scalability. It also examines regulatory requirements and business models shaping the DNA synthesis industry. Findings reveal that enzymatic synthesis technologies, integrated with automated platforms, hold transformative potential in improving efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness, achieving coupling efficiencies above 99.7 % and enabling the construction of kilobase-scale DNA sequences. These innovations are advancing biomanufacturing, precision medicine, data storage, and nanotechnology, opening new avenues for scientific research and industrial applications.