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bioRxiv : the preprint server for biologyAug 2024 DOI:
10.1101/2024.08.13.607777

Torsional Twist of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 SUD-N and SUD-M domains

Rosas-Lemus, Monica; Minasov, George; Brunzelle, Joseph S; Taha, Taha Y; Lemak, Sofia; Yin, Shaohui; Shuvalova, Ludmilla; Rosecrans, Julia; Khanna, Kanika; Seifert, H Steven; Savchenko, Alexei; Stogios, Peter J; Ott, Melanie; Satchell, Karla J F
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Abstract
Coronavirus non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) forms hexameric crowns of pores in the double membrane vacuole that houses the replication-transcription complex. Nsp3 in SARS-like viruses has three unique domains absent in other coronavirus nsp3 proteins. Two of these, SUD-N (Macrodomain 2) and SUD-M (Macrodomain 3), form two lobes connected by a peptide linker and an interdomain disulfide bridge. We resolve the first complete x-ray structure of SARS-CoV SUD-N/M as well as a mutant variant of SARS-CoV-2 SUD-N/M modified to restore cysteines for interdomain disulfide bond naturally lost by evolution. Comparative analysis of all structures revealed SUD-N and SUD-M are not rigidly associated, but rather, have significant rotational flexibility. Phylogenetic analysis supports that the disulfide bond cysteines are also absent in pangolin-SARS and closely related viruses, consistent with pangolins being the presumed intermediate host in the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. The absence of these cysteines does not impact viral replication or protein translation.
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