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ThesisJan 2022

To the University of Wyoming: The members of the committee approve the thesis of Ryan S Bettcher presented on 5/25/2022.

Fay, D
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Abstract
Life on Earth has evolved strategies to survive numerous stressors, of which one is radiation. Like all stresses, survival against radiation is dependent on dose. Initial insights into radiation survival in non-tolerant organisms such as C. elegans have shown that radiation primarily damages DNA as well as proteins and lipids through direct ionization, but also through secondary interactions caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many tolerant organisms have been studied, and it was found that the primary way to survive radiation is by having effective and robust DNA repair mechanisms with the focus being on repairing the damage that was done, rather than preventing it. This was the accepted dogma of radiation tolerance until a unique protein called Damage Suppressor (RvDsup) was found in Ramazzottius varieornatus which is reported to directly protect DNA from radiation and radiation associated damages. Studies into the function of RvDsup are limited and have found that this protective effect can be transferred into human kidney cells and tobacco plants, but it is unknown if this protein, and its homolog HeDsup, is sufficient to provide enhanced radiotolerance to a complex multicellular animal such as Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we show that transgenic strains of C. elegans expressing RvDsup and HeDsup fail to demonstrate enhanced radiotolerance against UV-C radiation as measured by the survival of the organisms after exposure. This result is surprising considering that previous literature has found that in all models used so far there is a measurable increase in radiotolerance. In a broader context, this finding is still useful for the field and especially for aspects related to astrobiology. In space, there is far more radiation exposure than here on Earth, and RvDsup provides an attractive target to mitigate cell damages to crops or ourselves during long-term space flights, but our results suggest that for multicellular animals RvDsup alone is insufficient to provide measurable protection which may allow others to focus their research on other mitigation strategies.
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